THE ORIGINAL TEXT AND ITS PRESERVATION.
The books of the Old Testament were all
written, with unimportant exceptions to be
mentioned hereafter, in the Hebrew tongue,
which was the native tongue of the Hebrew nation.
As the earliest of them were written more
than three thousand years ago, and the latest
more than two thousand years ago, it is proper
to inquire, what assurance we have that our
present books are the same as those in the
original collection, and that they contain the
same words. To give a full answer to these
questions would require a whole volume as
large as this, but can give the principal
facts in a few lines.
During the period from the first writing of
the books till the invention of printing, all
copies were made with the pen, and it has
been found impracticable to copy books in
this way without making some mistakes.
These occur chiefly in the spelling of words,
and in the omission or insertion of words not
essential to the meaning of a sentence; but a
few occurred which affect the sense, and which
sometimes introduce contradictions of a book [22]
with itself, or with another book. Especially
is this last the case with names and numbers,
in which the copyist had no train of thought
to guide him. This accounts for the discrepancies
in numbers which every thoughtful
reader has noticed between certain passages in
Chronicles and the corresponding passages in
the books of Samuel and Kings.
After this process had continued until the
error of copyists attracted the serious attention
of Jewish scholars, a company of them
drew up some very stringent rules to prevent
such errors in the future. They counted the
number of words in every book by sections,
and marked the middle word of every section.
Then they required every copyist, when he
had copied the middle word, to count back
and see if he had the right number of words.
If he had, there was good assurance that he
had omitted none and added none. If he had
not, the part written was to be thrown away
and a new copy made. These rules were
adopted in the second century after Christ,
and from that time forward no errors worth
considering crept into the Hebrew Scriptures.
When printing was invented, which was in
the year 1448, and the Hebrew Old Testament
was published in this form, which was in 1477, [23]
no more copies were written by hand, and the
making of mistakes by copying came to an
end; for when the types for a book are once
set up correctly, all copies printed from them
are precisely alike.
The question whether any of the original
books have been lost, or others added, is settled
by the fact that a Greek translation of the Old
Testament was made, beginning in the year 280
before Christ, which has come down to our
day, and it contains the same books. There
can be no reasonable doubt, therefore, that we
now have the Old Testament substantially the
same as when its several books were originally
written.
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