1. Many believe that Satan does not really exist and that the supposed person of Satan is no more than an evil principle, or influence, which is in man and in the world. This conception is proved to be wrong by the fact that there is the same abundant evidence that Satan is a person as there is that Christ is a person. The Scriptures, which alone are authoritative on these matters, treat one to be a person as much as the other, and if the personality of Christ is accepted on the testimony of the Bible, the personality of Satan must also be accepted on the same testimony.

2. Likewise, others believe that Satan is the direct cause of sin in every person. This impression is not true (1) because Satan is not aiming to promote sin in the world. He did not purpose to be a fiend, but rather to be "like the most High" (Isa 14:14); he is not aiming to destroy, so much as he is to construct, and to realize his own ambition for authority over this world system, which system proposes culture, morality, and religion (2Co 11:13-15). The impression that Satan is the direct cause of sin is not true (2) because human sin is said to come directly from the fallen human heart (Mar 7:18-23; Jam 1:13-16; Gen 6:5).

The following are only a few of the many passages bearing on the work of Satan:

Isa 14:12-17. This passage reveals Satan's original and supreme purpose. He would ascend into Heaven, exalt his throne above the stars of God, and be like the most High. To this end he will use his unmeasured wisdom and power; he will weaken the nations, make the earth to tremble, make the world as a wilderness, destroy the cities thereof, and refuse to release his prisoners. Though every phrase of this passage is a startling disclosure, two in particular may be noted:

1. "I will he like the most High." As recorded in the Scriptures, the activities of Satan following his moral fall can be traced only in the line of this supreme motive. It was this purpose which in all seriousness he recommended to Adam and Eve (Gen 3:5), and they, by adopting Satan's ideal, became self-centered, self-sufficient, and independent of God. This attitude on the part of Adam and Eve became their very nature and has been transmitted to all their posterity to the extent that their posterity are called the "children of wrath" (Eph 2:3; Eph 5:6; Rom 1:18), they must be born again (Joh 3:3), and, when saved, have a struggle to be yielded wholly to the will of God. Again, Satan's desire to be "like the most High" is seen in his passion to be worshiped by Christ (Luk 4:5-7). When the Man of Sin enters the holy place and is worshiped as God (2Th 2:3, 2Th 2:4; Dan 9:27; Mat 24:15; Rev 13:4-8), for a brief moment, Satan's supreme desire will be realized under the permissive will of God.

2. He "opened not the house of his prisoners." The entire prophecy from which this phrase is taken is concerning the work of Satan as it will have been completed in the days of his final judgment. Doubtless there is a larger fulfillment yet future; however, we know that Satan is now doing all in his power to keep the unsaved from being delivered from the power of darkness and translated into the kingdom of God's dear Son (Col 1:13). Satan is the one who energizes the children of disobedience (Eph 2:2), blinds the minds of the unsaved lest the light of the Gospel shall reach them (2Co 4:3-4), and holds the unconscious world in his arms (1Jo 5:19, R.V.).

It is also revealed that Satan in his warfare will counterfeit the things of God, which undertaking will likewise be in accord with his purpose to be "like the most High." He will promote extensive religious systems (1Ti 4:1-3; 2Co 11:13-15). In this connection, it should be observed that Satan can promote forms of religion which are based on selected Bible texts, which elevate Christ as the leader, and which incorporate every phase of the Christian faith excepting one -- the doctrine of salvation by grace alone on the ground of the shed blood of Christ. Such satanic delusions are now in the world and multitudes are being deceived by them. Such false systems are always to be tested by the attitude they take toward the saving grace of God through the efficacious blood of Christ (Rev 12:11).

Satan's enmity is evidently against God alone. He is in no way at enmity with the unsaved, and when he aims his "fiery darts" at the children of God, he attacks them only because of the fact that they are indwelt by the divine nature, and through them he is enabled to secure a thrust at God.

Likewise, the attack against the children of God is not in the sphere of "flesh and blood," but in the sphere of their heavenly association with Christ. That is, the believer may not be drawn away into immorality, but he may utterly fail in prayer, in testimony and in spiritual victory. Such failure, it should be seen, is as much defeat and dishonor in the sight of God as those sins which are freely condemned by the world.

As the Word of God is explicit regarding the origin of Satan, so it is explicit regarding his career and destiny. Five progressive judgments of Satan are to be distinguished:

Though the time in the dateless past is not disclosed, Satan's moral fall, with its necessary separation from God, is clearly indicated (Eze 28:15; 1Ti 3:6). It is evident, however, that he did not lose his heavenly position, the larger portion of his power, or his access to God.

Through the cross a perfect judgment has been secured (Joh 12:31; Joh 16:11; Col 2:14, Col 2:15), but the execution of that sentence is yet future. This sentence with its execution was predicted in the Garden of Eden (Gen 3:15).

In the midst of the coming Tribulation and as a result of a war in Heaven, Satan will be cast out of Heaven and be limited to the earth. He will then act in great wrath knowing that he has but a short time to continue (Rev 12:7-12. Note, also, Isa 14:12; Luk 10:18).

For the thousand-year reign of Christ upon the earth, Satan will be sealed in the abyss, after which he must be loosed for a "little season" (Rev 20:1-3, Rev 20:7).

Having promoted an open rebellion against God during the "little season," Satan is then cast into the lake of fire to be tormented day and night for ever and ever (Rev 20:10).

1. What are the two general errors regarding Satan?

2. Give the evidence from the Scriptures that Satan exists as a person.

3. What is Satan's supreme motive?

4. From what source does human sin arise?

5. What are the outstanding facts regarding Satan as recorded in Isa 14:12-17?

6. Whom is Satan seeking to imitate?

7. Trace his passion to be like the Most High in two events of history and one of prophecy.

8. What is Satan's attitude toward the unsaved as to their salvation?

9. How does he accomplish his ends?

10. What undertakings are predicted for Satan, in his counterfeiting the truth of God?

11. What one theme does he of necessity omit from his false systems?

12. Against whom, primarily, is Satan at warfare?

13. In what sphere does he attack the children of God?

14. Trace the five aspects of divine judgment upon Satan.